Family members and high officials of Khufu were buried in the East Field south of the causeway, and the West Field. Throughout the 20th century the cemeteries next to the pyramid were excavated. The inscriptions are comparable to those found at other sites of Khufu, such as the alabaster quarry at Hatnub or the harbor at Wadi al-Jarf, and are present in pyramids of other pharaohs as well. Another of these graffiti was found by Goyon on an exterior block of the 4th layer of the pyramid. The names of Khufu were spelled out on the walls over a dozen times. The workers who were building the pyramid had marked the blocks with the names of their gangs, which included the pharaoh's name (e.g.: "The gang, The white crown of Khnum-Khufu is powerful"). The chambers, previously inaccessible, were covered in hieroglyphs of red paint. In 1837 four additional Relieving Chambers were found above the King's Chamber after tunneling to them. However, during the Middle Ages other people were credited with the construction of the pyramid as well, for example Joseph from the Book of Genesis, Nimrod, or the legendary king Saurid ibn Salhouk. Historically the Great Pyramid had been attributed to Khufu based on the words of authors of classical antiquity, first and foremost Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus. Khufu's cartouche found inscribed on a backing stone of the pyramid The funerary complex around the pyramid consisted of two mortuary temples connected by a causeway (one close to the pyramid and one near the Nile), tombs for the immediate family and court of Khufu, including three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even smaller "satellite pyramid" and five buried solar barges (boats). Many varying scientific and alternative hypotheses attempt to explain the exact construction techniques. Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon), is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. The so-called Queen's Chamber and King's Chamber, that contains a granite sarcophagus, are above ground, within the pyramid structure. The lowest was cut into the bedrock, upon which the pyramid was built, but remained unfinished. There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid. Other blocks were imported by boat on the Nile: White limestone from Tura for the casing, and granite blocks from Aswan, weighing up to 80 tonnes, for the King's Chamber structure. Primarily local limestone from the Giza Plateau was used. The outside layers were bound together by mortar. The majority of stones are not uniform in size or shape and are only roughly dressed. The Great Pyramid was built by quarrying an estimated 2.3 million large blocks weighing 6 million tonnes in total. The dimensions of the pyramid were 280 royal cubits (146.7 m 481.4 ft) high, a base length of 440 cubits (230.6 m 756.4 ft), with a seked of 5 + 1 / 2 palms (a slope of 51★0'40"). The base was measured to be about 230.3 metres (755.6 ft) square, giving a volume of roughly 2.6 million cubic metres (92 million cubic feet), which includes an internal hillock. What is seen today is the underlying core structure. Over time, most of the smooth white limestone casing was removed, which lowered the pyramid's height to the present 138.5 metres (454.4 ft). Initially standing at 146.6 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. It is at the most Northern end of the line of the 3 Pyramids of Giza. It is the most famous monument of the Giza pyramid complex, in the Pyramid Fields of the Memphis and its Necropolis UNESCO World Heritage Site, in Giza, Egypt. Built in the early 26th century BC during a period of around 27 years, the pyramid is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid and the tomb of Fourth Dynasty pharaoh Khufu. Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur
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